Chemistry Colors Have Many Uses

Chemistry Colors Have Many UsesChemistry colors science is more than just a term that has been used in the past. Chemistry colors have also been named since then. In our world today, chemical elements have been put to use. They are used for things like medications, in cosmetics, as electrical components, and many other reasons.Different elements are put together in different combinations in order to get a color that represents a particular function. For example, you will find some people who prefer purple. This is because of the relationship that different colored elements and various chemistry colors have with the human body.The names of different colors could be anything, as long as it means something. For example, orange is used in the context of chemical activity. When we talk about orange and its chemistry colors, we are talking about a set of chemistry colors that are related to how people respond to chemical activity.As we grow older, the chemistry colors that we have been exp osed to could affect our health in several ways. You may experience a certain chemical reaction when exposed to one color that will make your body react in a different way than it would otherwise. Other chemical reactions may occur due to the chemistry colors that we are exposed to.In today's world, many individuals are using the chemistry colors to enhance the value of their businesses. Different businesses are running ads and commercials to emphasize the potential benefits that they have in chemistry colors. The most common chemistry colors that are used to advertise a business are green, pink, yellow, blue, and purple. You can even see these colors in products such as sponges, makeup, and bed sheets.There are more ways to advertise your business with the use of chemistry colors than those we have just discussed. It is important to remember that everyone in the world is exposed to chemistry colors every day. When you use chemistry colors to advertise your business, you will benefi t from using them more often.Chemists are experts at learning all the important aspects of chemistry. If you would like to learn more about the chemistry colors, go online and do a search. You will find tons of information about these types of colors, the chemistry colors, the materials that contain them, and how they are used to promote your business. You can find out more by doing a search online.

Do you specialize - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Do you specialize - Introvert Whisperer Do you specialize? Have you noticed that specializing is an important quality to have professionally?   If not, I’m here to drive home this point for your own consideration. People that have deep skills and knowledge in their professional area are THE hottest commodity.   People love it when they encounter someone whose knowledge about specific things exceeds what is considered “the norm”.   There are all sorts of reasons why this is the case. You probably don’t have to dig too deep into your own thinking to realize your own attraction to this type of professional. To give you a couple of examples to prompt your thinking about you: I had a personal trainer that did all of the things you would expect out of a trainer. In addition to that, he was THE trainer for developing people in Triathlons up to and including putting a team together for a minimum of two Triathlons per year.   He would also throw in the Hood to Coast relay.   He had a devoted group of people that worked with him year after year.   That translated into a huge, consistent revenue stream. I worked with a man who was in finance and accounting. As you can imagine, everyone in that department used the software Excel.   This man had learned to use Excel in ways no one else knew.   Needless to say, he was highly sought after to help with difficult analysis projects.   As he put it “I’m an Excel God”.   No brag, just fact. The point to all of this is if you want to become indispensable and a high-value asset to any business, become a specialist at something.   Every profession has the same opportunity to specialize.   When I worked at Intel, I specialized at making large change in process and organization.   As a Career Coach, I specialize in Introverts.   I have a friend who is a job search coach and he specializes in college students using social media.   This is especially good because there are so many job search coaches out there it’s hard to tell one from the other except this guy who is a standout. How do you know what to specialize in?   I think it’s the convergence of two things: 1- what you have a talent for doing or minimally a desire and 2- what is a need that people are consistently seeking solutions for?   This may require you to burn a brain cell or two to think about and possibly do research on but it will be worth it in the long run. Specializing means more income and more security.   Oh, and it makes the ego feel real good!     Who wouldn’t want those things? Go to top Do you know what your next career step is?   Many people don’t. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my eBook on how to construct your Career SMART Goals â€" that will help you put together your actions and keep you accountable. Get your copy now and start your action plan today! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

How to Motivate a High School Student

How to Motivate a High School Student Its the same conundrum that a lot of parents face. You know your child is intelligent. Every now and then, you see glimpses of brilliance: a high test score, a great idea, a strong grade, etc. Yet, you just cant seem to get them to put in the extra time to improve. Your child isnt reaching their full potential and it might appear that they just dont want to buckle down and make it happen. Never fear youre not the only parent who has this problem and there are plenty of ways to motivate high school students. Make them want it Do you ever feel like you want your child to get a 30 on the ACT more than they do? If thats the case, you should know that theyre not just going to all of the sudden snap out of it. You need them to want it. If you can achieve this, your student will be well on their way to high achievement. Let them make the decisions Dont push the big state school or the older siblings alma mater on them. Dont push a certain high school curriculum or dictate exactly what their GPA should be. Instead, discuss their specific goals with them. Ask them where theyd like to go to college, what classes they enjoy, or what theyre considering for a major. Then, you can ask them what they need in order to achieve all of this. Students need to feel like theyre controlling the entire process and must set their own goals to do so. Keep in mind that they might not always tell you what those goals are, especially if they think youre just going to micromanage the entire process with that information. Offer help when asked for it You can frequently ask your child if they want help, but dont offer it unsolicited. Doing the latter could kill their motivation. For example, if you sneak onto the computer to proofread their college application essay, youre essentially telling them that they arent mature enough to handle it themselves. Instead, you should just ask if theres any way you can help, and only do so if they ask for it. Dont use scare tactics One of the worst things you can do is tell a student that they definitely wont get into their choice school if they dont do X, Y, or Z. At that point, they will only study to appease you, rather than studying to genuinely improve. They will end up doing the absolute minimum instead of putting that extra effort needed throughout all areas of their application to holistically impress the admissions committee. Let them work with a tutor College admissions is becoming increasingly more competitive and many students are turning to SAT tutorsorACT tutors to improve their scores on the respective tests. Sometimes, unmotivated students can respond very well to these scenarios. However, its incredibly important that you explore these options with your child. Let them select their own tutor dont simply sign them up with a stranger who they know nothing about. Recognize hard work If your student spends a Saturday afternoon studying for the ACT, acknowledge and praise it. Buy them a pizza and show them how proud you are of the fact that theyre moving in the right direction. Stay calm Throughout the college application process, you need to be a rock for your child. There are going to be moments when they bomb an SAT practice test or get overwhelmed with the various application essay topics and start to worry. You need to be supportive and help diagnose the problems they are having.

Dance Training How to Stretch and Improve your Flexibility

Dance Training How to Stretch and Improve your Flexibility Dance Exercises to be a Better Dancer ChaptersStretching Exercises to Kick-start Your SessionFlexibility ExercisesHow to Do the SplitsDance, although a form of artistic expression, is first and foremost a sport.A sport that requires physical preparation before you start.Your muscles must be warmed up in order to work properly and to avoid damaging them. But preparation also involves stretching or relaxation exercises.The environment in which you train is also important. Put yourself in the optimal conditions by choosing the right place, a good outfit, and why not good music too.So sit an exam, master the splits, do relaxation exercises, what must you do to be ready to dance?flexibility.To make a big difference, to strengthen your legs, and move with grace, you have to find the right balance between bodybuilding and flexibility.Relaxing can have many benefits.Not only can this help you in your career as a professional dancer, but it also has benefits for your health.Especially people working in offices are advised to do r egular flexibility exercises, even if it's just from their desks.Working muscles and joints helps to feel better overall and prevent future health problems.Going up the stairs, gardening, hiking, everything becomes easier when you gain flexibility. Your muscles are more active and in shape.So for your career or just for your health, relaxation exercises are always a good idea.In dance, some parts of the body are more important to work than others, for example, your back or your legs. It's these parts in particular which make it possible to do the splits if they are flexible enough.Becoming flexible is useful for all dances. Source: Visual HuntAnd to improve flexibility, what could be better than yoga?Yoga is often used to relax and learn how to live in the moment. But it is also well known that yoga allows you to perform quite crazy positions that require a lot of flexibility.As you progress in this discipline, you will also become more flexible.Yoga is also great for relaxing. It p articularly relaxes the muscles, which allows the body to be more flexible in general.But make sure to start off right in this discipline by soliciting help from a private teacher or taking some yoga classes. Exercises can be complicated to perform and dangerous if you do not know what you're doing.Of course, there are also more traditional flexibility exercises.These may be similar to warm-up exercises but a little more advanced as for each move it is recommended to hold the position for between 20 and 30 seconds.Adductors, legs, neck, shoulders, the entire body can be relaxed.How to Do the SplitsThe splits in dance are an element used in many choreographies, whatever the dance style (classical dance, salsa, rhythmic dance, contemporary dance, tango, Zumba, hip-hop, pole dance, bachata, modern jazz, Kizomba, Charleston, African dance,etc.).Learned from an early age, it lets you do many positions including classical dance moves. So to become a top dancer and impress Craig Revel Horw ood, you need to get a move on!But even though most dancers start very young, it is not impossible to start learning as an adult. It may take a little more time, but you will get there if you are motivated enough.Discipline is the first piece of advice I can give you.Apply yourself in exercises and do not do them too fast. If you do, they may not be as effective.Practice exercises fairly frequently if you want to know how to do the splits quickly. Two or three sessions a week is a good pace.On the other hand, practicing every day, if you are not used to it, can cause muscle and joint  problems.But if you are a keen athlete, go right ahead.And do not forget to warm up.This has a direct impact on the effectiveness of the exercise but especially on the condition of your muscles at the end of the session. Stretching avoids the soreness that prevents you from walking the next day.Even break dancers need to be flexible. Source: PixabayOnce the warm-up is done, go straight to the exercises .To do the front splits, sit on the floor, spread your stretched legs and lean your chest forward straight to the ground.When doing the side splits, several sets of splits can be very effective in the long term.Doing the splits will be easier if you've practiced a sport before or are still doing it regularly.Warming-up and stretching are done in all sports, so you should already be quite flexible.Do not hesitate to evaluate your progress each time and mark the distance that separates you from the ground to see how you are progressing. This will help to motivate yourself.A-Level DanceAt A-level, some schools may offer a course in Dance which provides the student with the opportunity to learn choreography as well as develop critical thinking about Dance.So why not get started?The specification requires students to:develop understanding and knowledge as well as critical skills for the analysis of choreography and performance within their own work and in professional repertoiregain expe rience in choreography and performance through practicegain in-depth knowledge of specific study areas and professional works.The practical elements of the course amount to 55% of the full qualification.It is important to have a general dance background, for example, students who have studied Dance at GCSE and wish to pursue it further.The content of dance classes near me allows students to study a subject which can be extended to higher education and promotes a healthy lifestyle through an awareness of the importance of exercise and training.Taking dance at school is definitely more fun than maths. Source: Visual HuntAs a student of dance, you need to learn about a choreographic culture by watching shows and studying the history of dance, but you must also learn about dance analysis techniques.Do this by analysing dances that you enjoy.The teacher is usually there to guide you.Physically, your body must also be prepared for the exam. Throughout the year, practice some moves to mast er them on the day of the exam.On the day you will have time to warm up. However, it is up to you to manage your time because you will also have to spend several minutes developing your choreography.During all of this, don't forget to have fun.

Conic Sections Equations

Conic Sections Equations Conic Section is defined as the intersection of a double right circular cone and a plane. The equation related to conic section is known as conic section equations. Basically the equation is represented as follows. Ax^2+Bxy+C y^2+Dx+Ey+F = zero There are basically four types of conic sections, which are as follows:- 1) One is circles. 2) Second is ellipses 3) Third is hyperbolas and 4) Last is a parabola. In this conic section we will deal with circles equations, which are shown below:- (x- h)^2 + (y-k) ^2 = r^2 Here h, k is the centre of circle and r is the radius of circle. Now we will see some examples based on conic sections Example 1: - Write down the equation of the following circle shown below. Here O is the center of circle and r is the radius of circle. Solution: Given Center O (3, 4), so h = 3 and k = 4 = Radius = 7 cm = We know that the equation of circle is:- (x- h)^2 + (y-k) ^2 = r^2 = Therefore by substitution, we get (x- 3)^2 + (y-4) ^2 = 7^2 = Therefore (x- 3) ^2 + (y-4) ^2 = 49 is the required equation of the circle. Example 2:- Given center of circle is O (1, 2) and radius is 10 cm. Write down the equation of circle. Solution: Given Center coordinates h = 1 and k = 2 = Radius r = 10 cm. = We know that the equation of circle is:- (x- h)^2 + (y-k) ^2 = r^2 = Therefore by substitution, we get (x- 1)^2 + (y-2) ^2 = 10^2 = So (x- 1) ^2 + (y-2) ^2 = 100 is the required equation of the circle.

A Guide to Economics A-Levels

A Guide to Economics A-Levels Your Complete Guide to A-Levels in Economics ChaptersWhat is on the Economics A-Levels Syllabus?Why Study Economics, Anyway?The Best Economics A-Levels Revision MaterialsWhere Can You Find Economics A-Levels Past Papers?As though adolescence weren’t angsty enough!The social competition and finding one’s confidence, being overcome with a desire to make one’s mark on the world only to be constrained by parents and school teachers and social mores...On top of all that, you have to prepare for a life-altering exam!For some students preparing to sit A-Levels, the ordeal is a challenge to be met head-on.For others, it is an agony of indecision: selecting from the available topics, and then deciding which one to drop, if any, from the second year.And the self-study! Talk about a trial by fire for teenaged scholars: finding the discipline to open the books and review for hours, all on one’s own, when friends and other, more enticing activities beckon...Plenty of studies have been conducted and a lot has been written about a hea lthy work/life balance, but what about an effective study/life balance?Let Superprof guide you in establishing an organised pattern of study by providing you with an array of tools and materials you can use in your reviews.Along the way, we’ll discuss why you shouldn’t drop Economics studies in your second year.Are you ready? Relax, take a deep breath and read on!A Word on ReformsEnglish students sitting exams next year (2019) may see a substantial difference in the way their exam is presented.The current modular structure may revert to the previously used linear structure, meaning that any needed resits will require you to sit the whole exam, not just the module you failed to score satisfactorily on.No need to worry about format changes if you are in Wales or Northern Ireland, your exam will retain its modular structure.The reasons to study economics are as varied as the questions in this picture! Source: Pixabay Credit: 3271136Why Study Economics, Anyway?Considering all of the aforementioned pressures of being a teen makes one wonder how and why any of them would choose a ponderous subject like economics for further study.This next is only speculation...Just as students in America have been spurred into political activism by events happening in their country, gloomy post-Brexit economic forecasts may compel British students to seek a deeper understanding of international economics and economic theory in general.Again: that is all supposition... but not a bad reason to study the  principles of economics, at that!Economics is, fundamentally, the study of human behaviour.More than monetary concerns or simple accounting and statistics, the blanket term 'economics' involves analytical dissection of individual, group, corporate, societal and international responses to applied economics.It is true that there is a serious amount of mathematics required to obtain a degree in economics â€" especially should you pursue a Bachelor of Science in Economics as an under graduate.Still, the many disciplines that combine to make up economics courses - sociology and psychology among them! and indeed the social science called economics have an allure that is hard to resist.You only have to read a few of these prospective economic majors’ purpose statements to understand the draw that the world of economics has!Other great reasons to major in economics include:understanding of how the world works â€" money does indeed make the world go ‘round, but what factors go into making financial decisions?understanding yourself better: just as there is a philosophy behind every economic model, you have a motivation driven by personal experience to spend, save and invest as you do.Understanding consequences: more so than even the decision-makers themselves, the economist understands the unintended consequences of economic decisionsthey are also aces at detecting patterns!you won’t find many economists in the unemployment lines!The job market is so hungry for workers well-versed in economic concepts just now: in the financial sector, in civil service and even in politics.Now that you are on fire with ideas for your future career, let’s go find materials to study with!The Best Economics A-Levels Revision MaterialsLet us apply the law of diminishing returns to A-Levels test prep by supposing you increase your study time, but don’t vary your study materials or the way you study.Under this law, your retention rate of economic principles will slow, if not stop altogether.How to avoid that scenario?There are three variables in this equation and one constant:  you.That means that planning your study schedule, switching up your study materials and the way you study will lead to a more constant consumption (and retention) of information... right?Fortunately for you, there exists an entire library of study materials, from economic history to econometrics, right at your fingertips.The Internet is all about asking the right question, and then so rting through the many answers.Plenty of sites charge a pretty penny for a complete packet of Economics revision materials, along with full tutor support.Why pay for something that is available elsewhere for free?On the other hand, you could engage a supportive Superprof tutor who has review materials at a fraction of the cost some of those other sites charge!Tuition from a qualified mentor is one way to vary your study time and methods.Among other qualities, an a level economics tutor is great at keeping students motivated, and your economics tutor london (or wherever you are in the country) could even help you plan an effective study schedule!Besides maximising your study time with any Economics tutors, you could relieve a bit of stress by playing games which incorporate economics study, for instance, you should learn economics online as well as from classes and books.Using flashcards is another way to take your learning on the go... but who wants to carry around a deck of cards?T he Quizlet app fits neatly on any phone and you can find economics study flashcards, and play games, as well!Of course, games can only take you so far. That is why we’ve compiled more serious review materials in this table.Site NameWeb AddressContents summaryCostThe Economics Networkhttp://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/links/othertl.htmA compilation of video, audio and text related to economics studyfreeOA Level Noteshttp://www.oalevelnotes.com/economics-as-and-a-level-notes/A miscellaneous collection of notes for reviewfreeTutor 2 Uhttps://www.tutor2u.net/economicsHalfway down the page: flashcards and select essays to reviewBetween £5 - 14 per itemCambridge Noteshttps://www.oxbridgenotes.co.uk/t/economicsAn assortment of economics-related papersStarting at £16.95Another fine source of review materials is past papers...  Avoid getting tired of studying by changing up the way you study! Source: Pixabay Credit: GeraltWhere Can You Find Economics A-Levels Past Papers?For universities everywhere in the UK, a satisfactory A-Levels result is the most important criterion for admission.Thus it follows that everyone sitting economics A-Levels hopes to one day to apply to the Department of Economics at the University of his/her choice.The same holds true for A-Levels test takers everywhere in the world, as evidenced by the proliferation of Cambridge International Exams, or CIE.They are administered by OCR â€" Oxford Cambridge RSA, one of five awarding bodies in the UK, and by far the largest.The other four are:AQA: a government regulated, independently operated charityEdexcel: the one examination board in the UK that is privately ownedWJEC: originally a Welch examination boardCCEA: an education public body that works with the Northern Ireland Education DepartmentOne additional test administrator oversees Scotland’s Highers and Advanced Highers: SQA, the Scottish Qualifications Authority.If you are Scottish, Welsh or Northern Irish, there is less of a question which e xam you will sit.If you are English, you may be exposed to any awarding body’s papers.No matter where you live in the UK, it is a good idea to review all of the most recent past papers for your Economics exams you can find, from every administrating body, rather than study the archival documents from only the examining body you anticipate will test you.For that purpose, we’ve created this list of sites where such papers can be found. Please copy and paste each address into your browser.Site NameWeb Address (please copy and paste into your browser)AQA past papershttp://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/business-subjects/gcse/business-subjects-and-economics-4130/past-papers-and-mark-schemesOCR past papershttps://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/economics-level-revision/economics-level-past-papers/ocr-level-economics-past-papersEdexcel past papershttps://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/economics-level-revision/economics-level-past-papers/edexcel-level-economics-past-papers WJEC/CBAC past papershttp://www.wjec.co.uk/qualifications/economics/CCEA past papershttp://ccea.org.uk/qualifications/past_papers_mark_schemes/gceSQA past papershttps://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/48674.html?subject=EconomicsBy planning your study sessions effectively, by diversifying your study materials; by knowing what to expect on exam day and being ready for it, you will surely earn placement to the curriculum of your dreams!Be sure to let us know you how things went!

5 Truths That Will Change How You Perceive Introverts - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / 5 Truths That Will Change How You Perceive Introverts - Introvert Whisperer 5 Truths That Will Change How You Perceive Introverts Introverts are difficult people to understand. As an introvert, I don’t talk much. Most of the time, you will find me spending time alone, doing my things, or just idling around thinking about my future. I will wake up in the morning, take my online course, go to work, go home in the evening, and continue living life. I will rarely visit friends. Nevertheless, just like other introverts out there, I have genuine interactions with people I interact with, but I really don’t care about small talk! Thanks to our ‘mysterious nature people have thousands of myths, misinformation, and misconceptions about us. Even this post might not provide justice to all introverts throughout the world; it will give some truths that might change the way you think about us: Truth 1:   Introverts don’t hate people Sometimes, you will find a quiet, peaceful, and ‘less-talk’ kind of individual and think that he/she doesn’t love spending time with people. However, if you understand us and how we were born, you will be able to respect our time alone. When you finally interact with use, you will notice that we have one of the most loving personalities in the world. Truth 2: Not all introverts seem like introverts Yes, we dont have white and black spots that make us distinctive. Although there are those who you will tell are introverts from the first impression, not all of us are easily noticeable. This means that not every lone ranger is an introvert. Some extroverts choose to ‘act like introverts to avoid people! Truth 3: We love being alone, but we aren’t lonely! We love our alone time, and this is why you find most of us sitting alone thinking about our lives. But this doesn’t mean that we are lonely. We are surrounded by beautiful noise and chatter, but we honestly love staying with our thoughts. We feel scattered, sometimes, but this doesn’t mean that we don’t love going to parties and hanging out with our confidants. It is just that our internal lives are a critical element in us! Truth 4: Not every introvert is silent Most of the time, introverts are loners. They dont interact much. But what most people dont know is that sometimes, they can become big chatterboxes. But we need first to develop a solid foundation of trust before we can spit our words. We want to ensure that everything we say doesnt go down the drain. We take relationships we build with others seriously, and this is the main reason why we have few, but genuine friends. Truth 5: Introverts need attention Some people believe that since introverts love keeping things to themselves, they hate attention. This is far from the truth. We are not invisible! We want people who are close to us to notice our presence. Well, we don’t crave much for attention, but we need it after all. Truth 6: Introverts aren’t boring! Finally, we are always pegged for sleeping early and not going out on Fridays. This is because we love our sleep! But we arent boring. Dont judge us before you interact with us. You might be surprised to find that introverts are the most exciting individuals around. Have you changed what you believe about introverts after reading this post? Well, it’s up to you. But introvert is not a dirty word. We are not curmudgeons that hate others. We are just individuals with a different personality! Author’s Bio

Why You Must Stick to 650 Words in Your Personal Statement

Why You Must Stick to 650 Words in Your Personal Statement ACT SAT Prep and College Admissions Blog The Common Application sets a 250-650 word limit for the length of your personal statement. It may feel like it’s impossible to say everything you need to say about yourself in 650 words or less, but complying with this rule is about more than just word counting. It’s a life lesson. Disregarding the instructed word limit could come across as indicative of a lack of attention to detail and an inability to follow instructions. This will not be the last time in your life that someone will ask you to follow specific instructions. Doing it your way, even if you believe it’s “better that way,” might seem like the right thing to do, but it can also connote disrespect for the person asking. When you submit an application, you have not yet earned the trust to discount the rules set by people who control whether or not you are admitted to the school (or job). The unintended subtext becomes, “I think I know better than you.” It tells admissions committees that you don’t respect the effort they are going to put into reading your essay, as well as that of your fellow applicants, because you’re demanding extra time and attention. Not following the set guideline is handing the admissions counselors a reason to eliminate you from consideration. With so many applicants, dismissing someone who didn’t follow instructions is an easy way to pare down the pile of applications so they can devote more attention to the people who did. Being limited to 650 words also requires that you be more discerning with which details you include in your essay. It can help you focus and sharpen your writing. How can you express the essence of your story in fewer words? Again, this is a skill that will serve you in all aspects of your life. Being able to convey your points concisely will help readers or listeners stay focused on your message without getting bored or distracted by rambling prose. Write a long first draft. Include every possible detail that you might want to use to enhance your personal statement. Then cut anything that digresses rather than contributes to the plot or theme. Ask yourself if each word, thought, or anecdote is necessary. If so, how can you express it in the most economical way possible? I recommend Ray Bradbury short stories as a fantastic example of this kind of writing. He was able to convey an incredible amount of humanity and character despite the brevity of his stories and sentences. Adverbs are a good place to start with edits. Instead of using a verb and adverb combination, find a more specific verb so the adverb is unnecessary â€" “Shouted” instead of “said angrily.” Challenge yourself to make better word choices. Use your thesaurus and your dictionary. Make sure the words you use actually mean what you think they mean. Check for repeated words and use synonyms so your writing isn’t repetitive. Cut any words that are implied by context â€" “suddenly,” “it seemed,” etc. Cut clichés. You’re trying to stand out, and you won’t if you use tired phrases as a shortcut to conveying your point. Play with sentence structure. Use active voice rather than passive whenever possible to make your writing more dynamic and to eliminate extra words. Read your essay out loud to find points where the narrative drags or phrasing is awkward. Take some time to think about the impression of yourself you want to leave with this personal statement. It’s your best chance to inject some personality into your application, so choose your words wisely. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(215486, '6baac2ae-05a3-4610-9d1f-265c8cbd809f', {});

Its in Your Blood Understanding Hematology on the MCAT

It's in Your Blood Understanding Hematology on the MCAT MCAT Medical School Admissions In our last post on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), we discussed the integration of endocrinology and physics in the cardiovascular system. This month we will dive in further and discuss the hematologic system that drives the cardiovascular system and how to apply concepts from genetics and chemistry. In order to answer hematology questions on the MCAT, we first need to tackle the concept of what blood actually is and how we discern the different components. When blood is drawn at your annual checkup, the phlebotomist or technician will place the blood into the centrifuge. The centrifuge will separate the blood into three layers based on density: plasma, white blood cells, and red blood cells. It is crucial to understand what is contained in each section of the blood in order to understand lab values and to answer some of those integrative chemistry concepts. The plasma is the top layer, meaning it is the least dense. The majority of plasma is composed of water. The remainder of plasma is composed of proteins such as albumin, antibodies, fibrinogen, and hormones. Albumin plays an important oncotic role in the vascular system by creating oncotic pressure that drives the movement of water into the vascular system. An important distinction is between that of serum and plasma; serum is plasma without fibrinogen and clotting factors. Below the plasma layer is the white blood cell layer or the ‘buffy coat’. This is where platelets and white blood cells are found. The bottom layer of the blood is the erythrocyte layer or red blood cells. The erythrocyte layer will contain hemoglobin, the transport binding protein for oxygen on red blood cells. From the erythrocyte layer we can determine the hematocrit percentage, which is a clinically important measure for determining the patient’s red blood cell production. Hematocrit is simply the volume taken up by red blood cells divided by the total blood volume. For example, a patient with polycythemia vera would have an abnormally high hematocrit because they overproduce red blood cells, while an anemic patient might have a relatively low or normal hematocrit due to low production of red blood cells. What hormone is responsible for this? Erythropoietin. What organ(s) if damaged could cause anemia due to lack of available erythropoietin? The kidneys. These are the types of integrative questions you can expect on your MCAT and testing yourself in a continual question basis is a good way to learn and build your understanding. Now that we understand the components of hemoglobin, let’s talk about the primary function of red blood cells â€" gas exchange. Red blood cells are often referred to as a ‘bag of hemoglobin’. This is because red blood cells lack organelles and a nucleus, and contain millions of hemoglobin proteins. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a unique protein. It has four subunits that each bind to oxygen. Hemoglobin is the quintessential example of cooperative binding, meaning that each subunit’s affinity for binding increases as other subunits become bound to oxygen. This gives the binding curve a sigmoidal shape (Check out MD Herofor more on this topic). While the majority of oxygen moves through the blood bound to hemoglobin, it is noteworthy that a small percentage is simply dissolved in the blood. Gas exchange is blood is a highly integrative topic since it connects many organ systems including the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. As we discussed in last month’s blog, your cardiovascular system has a systemic and pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary circulation allows the hemoglobin to pass through the lungs and bind oxygen (inhaled) and released carbon dioxide (exhaled). The pulmonary circulation then returns to the left side of the heart and is pumped to the systemic circulation. The body’s tissues need oxygen to drive their cellular respiration. For example, when you are at the gym doing squats you are utilizing a large amount of energy in the form of ATP. Replenishing your oxygen stores through circulation is essential for your body to continue to drive aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. In this area of the circulation, oxygen is released into the tissues and carbon dioxide is removed by hemoglobin on the red blood cells. This exchange is dependent on the partial pressures of each gas in the tissue. In systemic circulation, the oxygen partial pressure is low and carbon dioxide partial pressure is high in the tissues. This drives the high concentration of oxygen in the blood to equilibrate and release oxygen and bind to carbon dioxide. The opposite occurs in gas exchange in the pulmonary circulation. As you develop your understanding of this concept, try to link it back to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Particularly high yield are understandings of acid-base, 2,3-bisphophoglyceric acid, and temperature. We will cover these and the bicarbonate buffer system in our next blog post. As you delve into learning your organ systems and applying your basic science concepts to the MCAT, realize that these are the foundations of your clinical reasoning. While these concepts are challenging now, the depth of this material will be significantly greater in medical school. It will serve you well on both your MCAT and in your future as a student and physician to hone these concepts and integrate your learning. About the Author Jordan S. is a current medical student, and one of our most experienced MCAT tutors. Click here for more information.